import asyncio
import inspect
import urllib

from . import base_server
from . import exceptions
from . import packet
from . import async_socket

# this set is used to keep references to background tasks to prevent them from
# being garbage collected mid-execution. Solution taken from
# https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#asyncio.create_task
task_reference_holder = set()


class AsyncServer(base_server.BaseServer):
    """An Engine.IO server for asyncio.

    This class implements a fully compliant Engine.IO web server with support
    for websocket and long-polling transports, compatible with the asyncio
    framework on Python 3.5 or newer.

    :param async_mode: The asynchronous model to use. See the Deployment
                       section in the documentation for a description of the
                       available options. Valid async modes are "aiohttp",
                       "sanic", "tornado" and "asgi". If this argument is not
                       given, "aiohttp" is tried first, followed by "sanic",
                       "tornado", and finally "asgi". The first async mode that
                       has all its dependencies installed is the one that is
                       chosen.
    :param ping_interval: The interval in seconds at which the server pings
                          the client. The default is 25 seconds. For advanced
                          control, a two element tuple can be given, where
                          the first number is the ping interval and the second
                          is a grace period added by the server.
    :param ping_timeout: The time in seconds that the client waits for the
                         server to respond before disconnecting. The default
                         is 20 seconds.
    :param max_http_buffer_size: The maximum size that is accepted for incoming
                                 messages.  The default is 1,000,000 bytes. In
                                 spite of its name, the value set in this
                                 argument is enforced for HTTP long-polling and
                                 WebSocket connections.
    :param allow_upgrades: Whether to allow transport upgrades or not.
    :param http_compression: Whether to compress packages when using the
                             polling transport.
    :param compression_threshold: Only compress messages when their byte size
                                  is greater than this value.
    :param cookie: If set to a string, it is the name of the HTTP cookie the
                   server sends back tot he client containing the client
                   session id. If set to a dictionary, the ``'name'`` key
                   contains the cookie name and other keys define cookie
                   attributes, where the value of each attribute can be a
                   string, a callable with no arguments, or a boolean. If set
                   to ``None`` (the default), a cookie is not sent to the
                   client.
    :param cors_allowed_origins: Origin or list of origins that are allowed to
                                 connect to this server. Only the same origin
                                 is allowed by default. Set this argument to
                                 ``'*'`` or ``['*']`` to allow all origins, or
                                 to ``[]`` to disable CORS handling.
    :param cors_credentials: Whether credentials (cookies, authentication) are
                             allowed in requests to this server.
    :param logger: To enable logging set to ``True`` or pass a logger object to
                   use. To disable logging set to ``False``. Note that fatal
                   errors are logged even when ``logger`` is ``False``.
    :param json: An alternative JSON module to use for encoding and decoding
                 packets. Custom JSON modules must have ``dumps`` and ``loads``
                 functions that are compatible with the standard library
                 versions. This is a process-wide setting, all instantiated
                 servers and clients must use the same JSON module.
    :param async_handlers: If set to ``True``, run message event handlers in
                           non-blocking threads. To run handlers synchronously,
                           set to ``False``. The default is ``True``.
    :param monitor_clients: If set to ``True``, a background task will ensure
                            inactive clients are closed. Set to ``False`` to
                            disable the monitoring task (not recommended). The
                            default is ``True``.
    :param transports: The list of allowed transports. Valid transports
                       are ``'polling'`` and ``'websocket'``. Defaults to
                       ``['polling', 'websocket']``.
    :param kwargs: Reserved for future extensions, any additional parameters
                   given as keyword arguments will be silently ignored.
    """
    def is_asyncio_based(self):
        return True

    def async_modes(self):
        return ['aiohttp', 'sanic', 'tornado', 'asgi']

    def attach(self, app, engineio_path='engine.io'):
        """Attach the Engine.IO server to an application."""
        engineio_path = engineio_path.strip('/')
        self._async['create_route'](app, self, f'/{engineio_path}/')

    async def send(self, sid, data):
        """Send a message to a client.

        :param sid: The session id of the recipient client.
        :param data: The data to send to the client. Data can be of type
                     ``str``, ``bytes``, ``list`` or ``dict``. If a ``list``
                     or ``dict``, the data will be serialized as JSON.

        Note: this method is a coroutine.
        """
        await self.send_packet(sid, packet.Packet(packet.MESSAGE, data=data))

    async def send_packet(self, sid, pkt):
        """Send a raw packet to a client.

        :param sid: The session id of the recipient client.
        :param pkt: The packet to send to the client.

        Note: this method is a coroutine.
        """
        try:
            socket = self._get_socket(sid)
        except KeyError:
            # the socket is not available
            self.logger.warning('Cannot send to sid %s', sid)
            return
        await socket.send(pkt)

    async def get_session(self, sid):
        """Return the user session for a client.

        :param sid: The session id of the client.

        The return value is a dictionary. Modifications made to this
        dictionary are not guaranteed to be preserved. If you want to modify
        the user session, use the ``session`` context manager instead.
        """
        socket = self._get_socket(sid)
        return socket.session

    async def save_session(self, sid, session):
        """Store the user session for a client.

        :param sid: The session id of the client.
        :param session: The session dictionary.
        """
        socket = self._get_socket(sid)
        socket.session = session

    def session(self, sid):
        """Return the user session for a client with context manager syntax.

        :param sid: The session id of the client.

        This is a context manager that returns the user session dictionary for
        the client. Any changes that are made to this dictionary inside the
        context manager block are saved back to the session. Example usage::

            @eio.on('connect')
            def on_connect(sid, environ):
                username = authenticate_user(environ)
                if not username:
                    return False
                with eio.session(sid) as session:
                    session['username'] = username

            @eio.on('message')
            def on_message(sid, msg):
                async with eio.session(sid) as session:
                    print('received message from ', session['username'])
        """
        class _session_context_manager:
            def __init__(self, server, sid):
                self.server = server
                self.sid = sid
                self.session = None

            async def __aenter__(self):
                self.session = await self.server.get_session(sid)
                return self.session

            async def __aexit__(self, *args):
                await self.server.save_session(sid, self.session)

        return _session_context_manager(self, sid)

    async def disconnect(self, sid=None):
        """Disconnect a client.

        :param sid: The session id of the client to close. If this parameter
                    is not given, then all clients are closed.

        Note: this method is a coroutine.
        """
        if sid is not None:
            try:
                socket = self._get_socket(sid)
            except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
                # the socket was already closed or gone
                pass
            else:
                await socket.close(reason=self.reason.SERVER_DISCONNECT)
                if sid in self.sockets:  # pragma: no cover
                    del self.sockets[sid]
        else:
            await asyncio.wait([
                asyncio.create_task(client.close(
                    reason=self.reason.SERVER_DISCONNECT))
                for client in self.sockets.values()
            ])
            self.sockets = {}

    async def handle_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Handle an HTTP request from the client.

        This is the entry point of the Engine.IO application. This function
        returns the HTTP response to deliver to the client.

        Note: this method is a coroutine.
        """
        translate_request = self._async['translate_request']
        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(translate_request):
            environ = await translate_request(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            environ = translate_request(*args, **kwargs)

        if self.cors_allowed_origins != []:
            # Validate the origin header if present
            # This is important for WebSocket more than for HTTP, since
            # browsers only apply CORS controls to HTTP.
            origin = environ.get('HTTP_ORIGIN')
            if origin:
                allowed_origins = self._cors_allowed_origins(environ)
                if allowed_origins is not None and origin not in \
                        allowed_origins:
                    self._log_error_once(
                        origin + ' is not an accepted origin.', 'bad-origin')
                    return await self._make_response(
                        self._bad_request(
                            origin + ' is not an accepted origin.'),
                        environ)

        method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD']
        query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(environ.get('QUERY_STRING', ''))

        sid = query['sid'][0] if 'sid' in query else None
        jsonp = False
        jsonp_index = None

        # make sure the client uses an allowed transport
        transport = query.get('transport', ['polling'])[0]
        if transport not in self.transports:
            self._log_error_once('Invalid transport', 'bad-transport')
            return await self._make_response(
                self._bad_request('Invalid transport'), environ)

        # make sure the client speaks a compatible Engine.IO version
        sid = query['sid'][0] if 'sid' in query else None
        if sid is None and query.get('EIO') != ['4']:
            self._log_error_once(
                'The client is using an unsupported version of the Socket.IO '
                'or Engine.IO protocols', 'bad-version'
            )
            return await self._make_response(self._bad_request(
                'The client is using an unsupported version of the Socket.IO '
                'or Engine.IO protocols'
            ), environ)

        if 'j' in query:
            jsonp = True
            try:
                jsonp_index = int(query['j'][0])
            except (ValueError, KeyError, IndexError):
                # Invalid JSONP index number
                pass

        if jsonp and jsonp_index is None:
            self._log_error_once('Invalid JSONP index number',
                                 'bad-jsonp-index')
            r = self._bad_request('Invalid JSONP index number')
        elif method == 'GET':
            upgrade_header = environ.get('HTTP_UPGRADE').lower() \
                if 'HTTP_UPGRADE' in environ else None
            if sid is None:
                # transport must be one of 'polling' or 'websocket'.
                # if 'websocket', the HTTP_UPGRADE header must match.
                if transport == 'polling' \
                        or transport == upgrade_header == 'websocket':
                    r = await self._handle_connect(environ, transport,
                                                   jsonp_index)
                else:
                    self._log_error_once('Invalid websocket upgrade',
                                         'bad-upgrade')
                    r = self._bad_request('Invalid websocket upgrade')
            else:
                if sid not in self.sockets:
                    self._log_error_once(f'Invalid session {sid}', 'bad-sid')
                    r = self._bad_request(f'Invalid session {sid}')
                else:
                    try:
                        socket = self._get_socket(sid)
                    except KeyError as e:  # pragma: no cover
                        self._log_error_once(f'{e} {sid}', 'bad-sid')
                        r = self._bad_request(f'{e} {sid}')
                    else:
                        if self.transport(sid) != transport and \
                                transport != upgrade_header:
                            self._log_error_once(
                                f'Invalid transport for session {sid}',
                                'bad-transport')
                            r = self._bad_request('Invalid transport')
                        else:
                            try:
                                packets = await socket.handle_get_request(
                                    environ)
                                if isinstance(packets, list):
                                    r = self._ok(packets,
                                                 jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
                                else:
                                    r = packets
                            except exceptions.EngineIOError:
                                if sid in self.sockets:  # pragma: no cover
                                    await self.disconnect(sid)
                                r = self._bad_request()
                            if sid in self.sockets and \
                                    self.sockets[sid].closed:
                                del self.sockets[sid]
        elif method == 'POST':
            if sid is None or sid not in self.sockets:
                self._log_error_once(f'Invalid session {sid}', 'bad-sid')
                r = self._bad_request(f'Invalid session {sid}')
            else:
                socket = self._get_socket(sid)
                try:
                    await socket.handle_post_request(environ)
                    r = self._ok(jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
                except exceptions.EngineIOError:
                    if sid in self.sockets:  # pragma: no cover
                        await self.disconnect(sid)
                    r = self._bad_request()
                except:  # pragma: no cover
                    # for any other unexpected errors, we log the error
                    # and keep going
                    self.logger.exception('post request handler error')
                    r = self._ok(jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
        elif method == 'OPTIONS':
            r = self._ok()
        else:
            self.logger.warning('Method %s not supported', method)
            r = self._method_not_found()
        if not isinstance(r, dict):
            return r
        if self.http_compression and \
                len(r['response']) >= self.compression_threshold:
            encodings = [e.split(';')[0].strip() for e in
                         environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING', '').split(',')]
            for encoding in encodings:
                if encoding in self.compression_methods:
                    r['response'] = \
                        getattr(self, '_' + encoding)(r['response'])
                    r['headers'] += [('Content-Encoding', encoding)]
                    break
        return await self._make_response(r, environ)

    async def shutdown(self):
        """Stop Socket.IO background tasks.

        This method stops background activity initiated by the Socket.IO
        server. It must be called before shutting down the web server.
        """
        self.logger.info('Socket.IO is shutting down')
        if self.service_task_event:  # pragma: no cover
            self.service_task_event.set()
            await self.service_task_handle
            self.service_task_handle = None

    def start_background_task(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
        """Start a background task using the appropriate async model.

        This is a utility function that applications can use to start a
        background task using the method that is compatible with the
        selected async mode.

        :param target: the target function to execute.
        :param args: arguments to pass to the function.
        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to pass to the function.

        The return value is a ``asyncio.Task`` object.
        """
        return asyncio.ensure_future(target(*args, **kwargs))

    async def sleep(self, seconds=0):
        """Sleep for the requested amount of time using the appropriate async
        model.

        This is a utility function that applications can use to put a task to
        sleep without having to worry about using the correct call for the
        selected async mode.

        Note: this method is a coroutine.
        """
        return await asyncio.sleep(seconds)

    def create_queue(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Create a queue object using the appropriate async model.

        This is a utility function that applications can use to create a queue
        without having to worry about using the correct call for the selected
        async mode. For asyncio based async modes, this returns an instance of
        ``asyncio.Queue``.
        """
        return asyncio.Queue(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_queue_empty_exception(self):
        """Return the queue empty exception for the appropriate async model.

        This is a utility function that applications can use to work with a
        queue without having to worry about using the correct call for the
        selected async mode. For asyncio based async modes, this returns an
        instance of ``asyncio.QueueEmpty``.
        """
        return asyncio.QueueEmpty

    def create_event(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Create an event object using the appropriate async model.

        This is a utility function that applications can use to create an
        event without having to worry about using the correct call for the
        selected async mode. For asyncio based async modes, this returns
        an instance of ``asyncio.Event``.
        """
        return asyncio.Event(*args, **kwargs)

    async def _make_response(self, response_dict, environ):
        cors_headers = self._cors_headers(environ)
        make_response = self._async['make_response']
        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(make_response):
            response = await make_response(
                response_dict['status'],
                response_dict['headers'] + cors_headers,
                response_dict['response'], environ)
        else:
            response = make_response(
                response_dict['status'],
                response_dict['headers'] + cors_headers,
                response_dict['response'], environ)
        return response

    async def _handle_connect(self, environ, transport, jsonp_index=None):
        """Handle a client connection request."""
        if self.start_service_task:
            # start the service task to monitor connected clients
            self.start_service_task = False
            self.service_task_handle = self.start_background_task(
                self._service_task)

        sid = self.generate_id()
        s = async_socket.AsyncSocket(self, sid)
        self.sockets[sid] = s

        pkt = packet.Packet(packet.OPEN, {
            'sid': sid,
            'upgrades': self._upgrades(sid, transport),
            'pingTimeout': int(self.ping_timeout * 1000),
            'pingInterval': int(
                self.ping_interval + self.ping_interval_grace_period) * 1000,
            'maxPayload': self.max_http_buffer_size,
        })
        await s.send(pkt)

        ret = await self._trigger_event('connect', sid, environ,
                                        run_async=False)
        if ret is not None and ret is not True:
            del self.sockets[sid]
            self.logger.warning('Application rejected connection')
            return self._unauthorized(ret or None)

        s.schedule_ping()

        if transport == 'websocket':
            ret = await s.handle_get_request(environ)
            if s.closed and sid in self.sockets:
                # websocket connection ended, so we are done
                del self.sockets[sid]
            return ret
        else:
            s.connected = True
            headers = None
            if self.cookie:
                if isinstance(self.cookie, dict):
                    headers = [(
                        'Set-Cookie',
                        self._generate_sid_cookie(sid, self.cookie)
                    )]
                else:
                    headers = [(
                        'Set-Cookie',
                        self._generate_sid_cookie(sid, {
                            'name': self.cookie, 'path': '/', 'SameSite': 'Lax'
                        })
                    )]
            try:
                return self._ok(await s.poll(), headers=headers,
                                jsonp_index=jsonp_index)
            except exceptions.QueueEmpty:
                return self._bad_request()

    async def _trigger_event(self, event, *args, **kwargs):
        """Invoke an event handler."""
        run_async = kwargs.pop('run_async', False)
        ret = None
        if event in self.handlers:
            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self.handlers[event]):
                async def run_async_handler():
                    try:
                        try:
                            return await self.handlers[event](*args)
                        except TypeError:
                            if event == 'disconnect' and \
                                    len(args) == 2:  # pragma: no branch
                                # legacy disconnect events do not have a reason
                                # argument
                                return await self.handlers[event](args[0])
                            else:  # pragma: no cover
                                raise
                    except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
                        pass
                    except:
                        self.logger.exception(event + ' async handler error')
                        if event == 'connect':
                            # if connect handler raised error we reject the
                            # connection
                            return False

                if run_async:
                    ret = self.start_background_task(run_async_handler)
                    task_reference_holder.add(ret)
                    ret.add_done_callback(task_reference_holder.discard)
                else:
                    ret = await run_async_handler()
            else:
                async def run_sync_handler():
                    try:
                        try:
                            return self.handlers[event](*args)
                        except TypeError:
                            if event == 'disconnect' and \
                                    len(args) == 2:  # pragma: no branch
                                # legacy disconnect events do not have a reason
                                # argument
                                return self.handlers[event](args[0])
                            else:  # pragma: no cover
                                raise
                    except:
                        self.logger.exception(event + ' handler error')
                        if event == 'connect':
                            # if connect handler raised error we reject the
                            # connection
                            return False

                if run_async:
                    ret = self.start_background_task(run_sync_handler)
                    task_reference_holder.add(ret)
                    ret.add_done_callback(task_reference_holder.discard)
                else:
                    ret = await run_sync_handler()
        return ret

    async def _service_task(self):  # pragma: no cover
        """Monitor connected clients and clean up those that time out."""
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        self.service_task_event = self.create_event()
        while not self.service_task_event.is_set():
            if len(self.sockets) == 0:
                # nothing to do
                try:
                    await asyncio.wait_for(self.service_task_event.wait(),
                                           timeout=self.ping_timeout)
                    break
                except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                    continue

            # go through the entire client list in a ping interval cycle
            sleep_interval = self.ping_timeout / len(self.sockets)

            try:
                # iterate over the current clients
                for s in self.sockets.copy().values():
                    if s.closed:
                        try:
                            del self.sockets[s.sid]
                        except KeyError:
                            # the socket could have also been removed by
                            # the _get_socket() method from another thread
                            pass
                    elif not s.closing:
                        await s.check_ping_timeout()
                    try:
                        await asyncio.wait_for(self.service_task_event.wait(),
                                               timeout=sleep_interval)
                        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                        continue
            except (
                SystemExit,
                KeyboardInterrupt,
                asyncio.CancelledError,
                GeneratorExit,
            ):
                self.logger.info('service task canceled')
                break
            except:
                if loop.is_closed():
                    self.logger.info('event loop is closed, exiting service '
                                     'task')
                    break

                # an unexpected exception has occurred, log it and continue
                self.logger.exception('service task exception')
