/*
   Copyright The containerd Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

package plugin

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/events"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/metadata"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/snapshots"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/timeout"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/plugins"
	"github.com/containerd/errdefs"
	"github.com/containerd/log"
	"github.com/containerd/plugin"
	"github.com/containerd/plugin/registry"

	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
)

const (
	boltOpenTimeout = "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open"
)

func init() {
	timeout.Set(boltOpenTimeout, 0) // set to 0 means to wait indefinitely for bolt.Open
}

// BoltConfig defines the configuration values for the bolt plugin, which is
// loaded here, rather than back registered in the metadata package.
type BoltConfig struct {
	// ContentSharingPolicy sets the sharing policy for content between
	// namespaces.
	//
	// The default mode "shared" will make blobs available in all
	// namespaces once it is pulled into any namespace. The blob will be pulled
	// into the namespace if a writer is opened with the "Expected" digest that
	// is already present in the backend.
	//
	// The alternative mode, "isolated" requires that clients prove they have
	// access to the content by providing all of the content to the ingest
	// before the blob is added to the namespace.
	//
	// Both modes share backing data, while "shared" will reduce total
	// bandwidth across namespaces, at the cost of allowing access to any blob
	// just by knowing its digest.
	ContentSharingPolicy string `toml:"content_sharing_policy"`

	// NoSync enables optimizations that improve database write performance by:
	// 1. Disabling fsync calls after every write, which prevents ensuring that data is immediately flushed
	//    to disk but significantly improves write throughput (NoSync).
	// 2. Preventing automatic growth of the memory-mapped file during writes, further improving performance
	//    in environments where the database size is stable (NoGrowSync).
	//
	// These settings can improve performance, but introduce a risk of data loss during crashes. Use with care!
	NoSync bool `toml:"no_sync"`
}

const (
	// SharingPolicyShared represents the "shared" sharing policy
	SharingPolicyShared = "shared"
	// SharingPolicyIsolated represents the "isolated" sharing policy
	SharingPolicyIsolated = "isolated"
)

// Validate validates if BoltConfig is valid
func (bc *BoltConfig) Validate() error {
	switch bc.ContentSharingPolicy {
	case SharingPolicyShared, SharingPolicyIsolated:
		return nil
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unknown policy: %s: %w", bc.ContentSharingPolicy, errdefs.ErrInvalidArgument)
	}
}

func init() {
	registry.Register(&plugin.Registration{
		Type: plugins.MetadataPlugin,
		ID:   "bolt",
		Requires: []plugin.Type{
			plugins.ContentPlugin,
			plugins.EventPlugin,
			plugins.SnapshotPlugin,
		},
		Config: &BoltConfig{
			ContentSharingPolicy: SharingPolicyShared,
			NoSync:               false,
		},
		InitFn: func(ic *plugin.InitContext) (any, error) {
			root := ic.Properties[plugins.PropertyRootDir]
			if err := os.MkdirAll(root, 0711); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			cs, err := ic.GetSingle(plugins.ContentPlugin)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			snapshottersRaw, err := ic.GetByType(plugins.SnapshotPlugin)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			snapshotters := make(map[string]snapshots.Snapshotter)
			for name, sn := range snapshottersRaw {
				snapshotters[name] = sn.(snapshots.Snapshotter)
			}

			ep, err := ic.GetSingle(plugins.EventPlugin)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			options := *bolt.DefaultOptions
			// Reading bbolt's freelist sometimes fails when the file has a data corruption.
			// Disabling freelist sync reduces the chance of the breakage.
			// https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/pull/1
			// https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt/pull/6
			options.NoFreelistSync = true
			// Without the timeout, bbolt.Open would block indefinitely due to flock(2).
			options.Timeout = timeout.Get(boltOpenTimeout)

			shared := true
			ic.Meta.Exports["policy"] = SharingPolicyShared
			if cfg, ok := ic.Config.(*BoltConfig); ok {
				if cfg.ContentSharingPolicy != "" {
					if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
						return nil, err
					}
					if cfg.ContentSharingPolicy == SharingPolicyIsolated {
						ic.Meta.Exports["policy"] = SharingPolicyIsolated
						shared = false
					}

					log.G(ic.Context).WithField("policy", cfg.ContentSharingPolicy).Info("metadata content store policy set")

					if cfg.NoSync {
						options.NoSync = true
						options.NoGrowSync = true

						log.G(ic.Context).Warn("using async mode for boltdb")
					}
				}
			}

			path := filepath.Join(root, "meta.db")
			ic.Meta.Exports["path"] = path

			doneCh := make(chan struct{})
			go func() {
				t := time.NewTimer(10 * time.Second)
				defer t.Stop()
				select {
				case <-t.C:
					log.G(ic.Context).WithField("plugin", "bolt").Warn("waiting for response from boltdb open")
				case <-doneCh:
					return
				}
			}()

			db, err := bolt.Open(path, 0644, &options)
			close(doneCh)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			dbopts := []metadata.DBOpt{
				metadata.WithEventsPublisher(ep.(events.Publisher)),
			}

			if !shared {
				dbopts = append(dbopts, metadata.WithPolicyIsolated)
			}

			mdb := metadata.NewDB(db, cs.(content.Store), snapshotters, dbopts...)
			if err := mdb.Init(ic.Context); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return mdb, nil
		},
	})
}
